MAPT and Alzheimer disease: Recent advances have delineated two distinct biomarker axes: (1) Cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) amyloid-tau profiles demonstrating 85–90% diagnostic accuracy in distinguishing MCI-AD converters (Mestre et al., 2018); (2) Diffusion tensor imaging (DTI) revealing microstructural white matter disorganization that longitudinally correlates with cognitive decline (Hasegawa et al., 2024).