Further GSEA indicated that, in terms of the c2.all.v2022.1.Hs.symbols.gmt gene set, the high-risk patient group was remarkably involved in various biological pathways such as chiang liver cancer subclass proliferation up, andersen cholangiocarcinoma class2, nakayama soft tissue tumors pca2 up, kang doxorubicin resistance up, and rosty cervical cancer proliferation cluster (Fig. 6C). This evidence concerns the gene CASC19 and liver cancer.