In addition, the top 30 DEGs were also highlighted, including both upregulated (HBM, ALAS2, SLC4A1, HBB) and downregulated (SEMA3F, MS4A15, GATA-AS1, FAAH, PRND, etc.)genes in the PCOS group compared to the control (Fig. 3b). Here, HBB is linked to polycystic ovary syndrome.