CASP3 and renal cell carcinoma: As shown in Figure 6H, at lower concentrations, BT2 modestly enhanced DOX‐induced expression of cleaved caspase 3, cleaved caspase 9, and cleaved PARP, with maximal effects observed at 4 μM, indicating that targeting BCKDK promotes mitochondria‐mediated cytochrome c release and caspase‐9 activation, which subsequently triggers the downstream executioner caspase‐3 to enhance RCC cell apoptosis.