Given that TGF-β is a key player in tumor invasion and metastasis [45], and that glioma-infiltrating macrophages and microglia can be recruited and induced into immunosuppressive phenotypes by TGF-β [46], targeting the TGF-β pathway with inhibitors or monoclonal antibodies may provide a promising therapeutic strategy for gliomas. This evidence concerns the gene TGFB1 and central nervous system cancer.