Activation of IFN-γ/STAT1 and TNF-α/NF-κB pathways promotes cancer cell invasion and metastasis; regulation of PI3K/Akt/mTOR axis and autophagy affects chemosensitivity; promotes NLRP3 inflammasome assembly; increases PD-L1 expression; modulates tumor immune microenvironment. Here, TNF is linked to cancer.