IGF1R and leukemia: TSLP may promote leukemia cell proliferation through several signaling pathways, including JAK-STAT [[79], [80], [81], [82]], PI3K/mTOR [[83], [84], [85], [86], [87], [88]], and MAPK [89], as well as through other factors such as RAS [47], IGF1R, and FGFR1 [90].