Studies have confirmed that interferon-beta (IFN-β) suppresses the expression of angiogenic factors such as vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) and matrix metalloproteinase-9 (MMP-9) in tumor-infiltrating neutrophils, leading to accelerated tumor vascularization and growth in IFN-β-deficient models (63). Here, VEGFA is linked to neoplasm.