BCHE and diabetes mellitus: Figure 2 shows that after characterization of all variables (excluding metabolic and validation indicators) by the LASSO regression model, 9 independent predictor variables [Age, Sex, Diabetes Mellitus, Smoking Status, Heart Rate, Albumin (ALB), Blood Urea Nitrogen (BUN), Cholinesterase (ChE), D-Dimer Fragment (D-Dimer)] were identified as significantly associated with CVD mortality outcomes (Supplementary Table S2), with non-zero regression coefficients for each variable.