NPPB and heart failure: In this retrospective analysis, we found that (1) patients with high V2V-BPV had lower body mass and serum hemoglobin levels, as well as higher BNP and MAGGIC scores than those with low V2V-BPV; (2) higher V2V-BPV was significantly associated with the composite outcome of heart failure hospitalization and all-cause deaths, as well as with all-cause death itself; and (3) hemoglobin level was an independent determinant of V2V-BPV.