Negative risk factors associated with worsening survival included age (HR = 1.024, 95% CI: 1.008-1.040, p = 0.003), NYHA III/IV (HR = 1.573, 95% CI: 1.080-2.289, p = 0.018), CKD stages 3-5 (HR = 1.576, 95% CI: 1.021-2.434, p = 0.040), NT-proBNP > 3000 ng/L (HR = 2.020, 95% CI: 1.396-2.922, p < 0.001), and DM (HR = 1.067, 95% CI: 1.076-2.399). Here, NPPB is linked to diabetes mellitus.