STING1 and cancer: cGAS-STING-stimulated type 1 interferons (IFNs) promote cancer removal, whereas cGAS-STING-induced nuclear factor kappa B (NF-κB) activation and pro-inflammatory cytokine production enhance carcinogenesis and cancer metastasis (Bakhoum et al., 2018; Beernaert & Parkes, 2023).