When looking at different age demographics, the elderly patients predominantly present with more severe atrial fibrosis (Aguiar et al., 2019), and the younger patients may derive preferential benefit from HSP-targeted therapies due to underlying mutation-derived ion channelopathies (e.g., TMEM168 mutations) linked to HSP dysfunction (Nguyen et al., 2021). The gene discussed is TMEM168; the disease is hereditary spastic paraplegia.