CXCL11 and neoplasm: Certain studies (Bronger et al., 2017) showed that CXCR3B expression is significantly upregulated in the breast cancer stem cell (CSC) subpopulation, and CXCL11 and CXCL10 can directly induce CSCs, indicating that CXCR3B may be involved in the characteristics of breast cancer stem cells and the metastatic spread of the tumor.