Recent studies have shown that high-risk lung cancer groups have significantly lower HLA-DRB5 expression than normal samples and low-risk groups, with HLA-DRB5 being significantly lower in malignant epithelial cells than in normal ones (Wang L. et al., 2022; Qin et al., 2024; Xu et al., 2022). This evidence concerns the gene HLA-DRB5 and lung cancer.