FASN and metabolic dysfunction-associated steatotic liver disease: GA can enhance AMPK phosphorylation in a dose-dependent manner, inhibit the transcriptional activity of SREBP-1 and its downstream fatty acid synthase (FASN) and ACC to downregulate lipogenesis, thereby inhibiting hepatic lipogenesis and accumulation and reducing hepatic steatosis in fructose-induced NAFLD mice (Lu et al., 2023).