TNFRSF9 and neoplasm: Consequently, DuoBody-CD40×4-1BB enhances DC/T cell IS, induces DC maturation, augments in vitro T cell proliferation and effector function, and enhances the ex vivo expansion of tumor-infiltrating lymphocytes derived from patients.31 PD-L1/4-1BB bispecific nanobodies can simultaneously bind to PD-L1 on tumor target cells and 4-1BB on effector cells.