MAPK3 and neoplasm: An inhibitory impact on the proliferation of cancer cells was noted in an experiment where bone-marrow-derived MSCs (BM-MSCs) and breast cancer cells (MDA-MB-231) were co-cultured; this brought on the production of TRAIL and ERK1/2 and AKT inhibition, which in turn caused apoptosis, and eventually the suppression of tumor development [209].