In the context of malignancy, normal fibroblasts undergo phenotypic transformation into CAFs in response to diverse tumor-associated stimuli, including hypoxia, inflammation, oxidative stress, and growth factors such as transforming growth factor-beta (TGF-β), platelet-derived growth factor (PDGF), fibroblast growth factor (FGF), and epidermal growth factor (EGF) [38, 39]. Here, EGF is linked to neoplasm.