For example, we observed CNV in tumor suppressor genes (TP53), cell cycle regulator genes (CDKN2A), proto-oncogenes (MYC), genes involved in major pathways such as Wnt signaling (CTNNB1), PI3K/AKT pathway (PTEN), and others, all of which have been found to be mutated in HepG2 cancer cells as well as patient samples of hepatocellular carcinoma. Here, PTEN is linked to hepatocellular carcinoma.