SMAD2 and pulmonary fibrosis: In a study of bleomycin (BLM)‐induced pulmonary fibrosis in mice, administration of mangiferin (40 mg/kg) exhibited potential anti‐fibrotic effects by blocking Epithelial‐Mesenchymal Transition (EMT) primarily through inhibition of Smad2/3 phosphorylation and matrix metalloproteinase‐9 (MMP‐9) [32].