NGF and nasopharyngeal carcinoma: Antiproliferative treatments, such as radiation for nasopharyngeal carcinoma and doxorubicin for breast cancer, also have side effects such as central neurotoxicity and cognitive dysfunction, which can be alleviated by the active and passive upregulation of NGF, e.g., the NGF plus steroids regimen and Carissa macrocarpa extracts, respectively (Liu et al. 2020; Orabi et al. 2021).