KLK3 and Hypertension: In the baseline characteristics analysis, TPSA was stratified into three groups (< 4 ng/mL, ≥ 4 ng/mL to ≤ 10 ng/mL, and > 10 ng/mL), revealing statistically significant differences (P < 0.05) in TPSA, FPSA, prostate-specific antigen ratio (%), age, C-reactive protein, urinary creatinine, BMI, hypertension, and serum cotinine.