A comparison of circulating eHsp70 levels measured with the Hsp70-exo ELISA in all NSCLC patients across all four tumor stages prior to the start of any treatment (n = 178, median 125.4 ng/mL; ***p < 0.001) demonstrated significantly higher plasma levels of eHsp70 in the tumor patients compared to the healthy control group (n = 108, median 16.4 ng/mL), as illustrated in Fig. 2. Here, HSPA1A is linked to non-small cell lung carcinoma.