IGHE and urticaria: Recent research initiatives such as European Network for IgE-Mediated Autoimmunity and Autoallergy (ENIGMA) [47] and projects, e.g. CU-TIGER (The characterization of urticaria markers including anti-TPO and IgE in serum) [85], will address these gaps, including identification of the novel autoantigens and corresponding IgE autoantibodies, investigation of their clinical relevance and standardization of assay protocols in autoallergy research [47].