BRCA1 and breast cancer: BRCA1/2 genes pathogenic variants (mutations) have an estimated incidence of about 1 case per 400 people, and are responsible, in Italy, for about 4000 new cases/year of breast cancer (BC) and 800 of ovarian cancer (OC).1 Due to their high lifetime risk (penetrance) of developing BC (~ 55% compared to 12% in the general population) and/or OC,2, , –5 women carriers attend life-long health services, and intensive programs of surveillance and prophylactic surgery.