KRAS and cancer: GDC-0879 showed specific inhibition on cancers with BRAF(V600E) mutation through blocking MAPK signaling, a common oncogenic pathway [52, 63], in contrast to enhancing tumor growth in KRAS mutant and RAS/RAF wild-type tumors like melanoma and lung cancer by exhibiting RAS-dependent activation on RAF-MEK-ERK pathway through direct conformational effects on RAF kinase domain [64].