PMEPA1 and neoplasm: Furthermore, overexpressing ALDH1A3 in ALDH1A3-negative PDAC cells (PANC-1/ALDH1A3OE) increased the expression of FAM3C, MCC, and PMEPA1 (Fig. S2E), which was supported by our previous data demonstrating that ALDH1A3 overexpression in PANC-1 cells promoted tumor invasion in vitro [24].