Interestingly, defects in mitochondrial energy metabolism are also present in the brains of patients with AD, leading to neuronal apoptosis and Aβ deposition, which increases ROS production by interfering with mitochondrial calcium homeostasis and ETC function; the hyperphosphorylation of tau proteins leads to the disruption of microtubule structure and affects mitochondrial axonal transport, exacerbating the neuronal energy crisis (Meng et al., 2024). Here, MAPT is linked to Alzheimer disease.