However, LGG treatment significantly reduced the protein expression levels of TGF-β, SMAD, COL1, and α-SMA, suggesting that when the disease progresses to the MASH stage, the role of LGG may be more pronounced in regulating the TGF-β1/SMAD signaling pathway, thereby improving liver fibrosis. The gene discussed is TGFB1; the disease is Hepatic fibrosis.