MDSCs can promote the stemness of TICs and raise PD-L1 by activating the PI3K/AKT/mTOR pathway (66).By stimulating the ITGB4/SNAI1/SIRT3 signaling pathway, PD-L1 can encourage tumor growth and metastasis, suggesting yet another potential mechanism for these pathways to work in concert (93). Here, CD274 is linked to neoplasm.