Previous studies have demonstrated that newly repopulated microglia had reduced expression of inflammatory markers (e.g., IL-1β, IL-6, TNF-α and CD86), and upregulation of neuroprotective factors (e.g., CD206, TGF-β, and IL-10) in response to ICH (13) ischemic stroke (67) in ageing. This evidence concerns the gene TGFB1 and ischemic stroke.