Moreover, the ratios of effector Th subsets to Tregs, such as Th1/Treg, Th2/Treg, Th17/Treg, Th17.1/Treg, and Tph/Treg, were significantly elevated in RA patients, indicating a shift toward an effector-dominant immune profile. The gene discussed is TPH1; the disease is rheumatoid arthritis.