Another prospective study (PROMISSE, Predictors of pRegnancy Outcome: bioMarkers In antiphospholipid antibody Syndrome and Systemic Lupus Erythematosus) identified heterozygous mutations in MCP, CFI, or CFH in 7 of 40 patients (18%) with preeclampsia and coexisting systemic lupus erythematosus and/or antiphospholipid antibody syndrome (143). This evidence concerns the gene CFI and preeclampsia.