TNF and diabetes mellitus: Low-grade inflammation in diabetic liver was confirmed by increased NF-κB transcriptional activity (1.24-fold) and mRNA expression of proinflammatory cytokines TNF-α (3.5-fold) and IL-1β (2.2-fold) with alleviating mRNAs of anti-inflammatory cytokines IL-4 (1.7-fold) and IL-10 (2.6-fold), while TGF-β1 expression raised 1.4-fold vs. control.