FMO5 and Cognitive impairment: This allows various immune and inflammatory molecules into the brain, potentially inducing neuroinflammation.26 Furthermore, the disruption of the BBB and the influx of antibodies and other molecules could lead to excitotoxicity, neurotransmitter imbalances, and neuronal cell death.26 IL-6 accumulation may also promote oxidative stress, reducing nitric oxide availability and increasing NADPH oxidase-derived superoxide, resulting in neuronal damage and cognitive impairment 12.