VEGFA and glioblastoma: Alternative therapies, including anti-Vascular Endothelial Growth Factor (VEGF) agents, e.g., bevacizumab, and brain-penetrating alkylating agents, e.g., lomustine (CCNU) and carmustine (BCNU), are employed as second-line treatments for recurrent GBM only, and provide marginal survival benefits [8, 9].