ESR1 and cancer: CLPTM1L is located near the TERT locus, known for its pleiotropic links to various cancers, including ER- BRCA, CRC, glioma, LUNG, melanoma, OVCR, pancreatic, and PRCA cancer [37], the LAMC1 locus has shown associations with UCEC, glioma, and PRCA [38–40], and BABAM1 is a recognized GWAS hit with broad implications for cancer risk, including its interaction with the well-known breast cancer-related gene BRCA1 [41–43].