ESR1 and cancer: We conducted isoform- (isoTWAS) and gene-level transcriptome-wide association studies (TWAS) for a total of 12 cancer outcomes: (1–3) breast (BRCA; overall, estrogen receptor (ER) + , ER-) [15, 16], (4) colorectal (CRC) [18], (5) lung (LUNG; overall) [19], (6) lung adenocarcinoma (LUAD) [19], (7) lung squamous cell carcinoma (LUSC) [19] (8–9) ovarian (OVCA; overall, serous) [20], (10–11) prostate (PRCA; overall, advanced) [21], and (12) endometrial (UCEC) [17].