In the present study, the expression of BMP-2, p-Smad1, p-Smad5, Osterix, and Runx2 was significantly increased in CKD-AVF rats, suggesting that BMP2/Smads/Runx2/Osterix signaling may be involved in the progression of CKD-AVF. The gene discussed is SMAD5; the disease is chronic kidney disease.