It appears that the antithetical alterations induced by VPA and HFHG environments in OLN-93 cells, pertaining to the expressions of HDAC3 and DUSP5, correspond with the inverse changes observed in the phosphorylation and activation of ERK, OPC proliferation and differentiation, and the myelination disruptions caused by GDM and prenatal VPA exposure (Fig. 6I). The gene discussed is DUSP5; the disease is gestational diabetes.