costus</i> nanoparticles on inflammation in periodontitis, specifically examining their ability to reduce the expression of NF-κB and TNF-α.<h4>Materials and methods</h4>Twenty male Wistar rats were injected <i>with P. gingivalis</i> into the central incisor region of the mandible to induce periodontitis. Here, NFKB1 is linked to periodontitis.