NPM1 and acute myeloid leukemia: In one large study (8), 85% (193 of 228) of AML samples with both NPM1 and DNMT3A mutations contained an additional, cooperating mutation in an RTK/RAS pathway gene (RTK/RAS signaling), compared with 52% (505 of 975) of AML samples with neither mutation (P < 10–21, by χ2).