Hypoxia inside the tumor microenvironment emulates the metabolic adaptability and pro-angiogenic characteristics of TAMs.TAMs facilitate angiogenesis primarily by producing several pro-angiogenic factors (such as VEGFA and VEGFC), which enhance tumor growth by promoting endothelial cell proliferation, causing sprouting, tube formation, and neointimal maturation (Shaw et al., 2024). This evidence concerns the gene VEGFC and neoplasm.