For example, CXCL8 (IL-8, neutrophil chemoattractant), GRO1 (growth-regulated oncogene involved in inflammation), CCL20 (immune cell recruiter), TNF (core inflammatory mediator), and IL1B/IL6 (key pro-inflammatory cytokines) were upregulated genes in E, E1-E3, ES, ES1-ES3 compared to Control, suggesting a robust immune response to E. coli infection. Here, IL1B is linked to escherichia coli infection.