CXCL8 (IL-8), a potent neutrophil chemoattractant, strongly activates neutrophil migration to infection sites through its receptors CXCR1 and CXCR2 (29), while GRO1 (CXCL1) has been established as a key mediator in bovine mastitis pathogenesis (30, 31). Here, CXCL1 is linked to infection.