Additionally, another study reported that HRD1 is involved in kidney injury through ubiquitination, highlighting that X-box binding protein 1 (XBP1) and its downstream target HRD1 are engaged in AKI by modulating the NRF2/HO-1-mediated response to oxidative stress, which is recognized as a critical factor in kidney injury. Here, SYVN1 is linked to acute kidney injury.