SPP1 and inflammatory bowel disease: Significant expression differences were observed, with most HRDEGs (ADM, BHLHE40, CCL2, CD274, COL1A1, EGR1, ENG, FLT1, FOS, HIF1A, HK2, IL1B, IL6, KDR, MMP2, MMP9, NOS2, PTGS2, SERPINE1, SPP1, and TEK) being upregulated in IBD samples, while EDN1 and PPARG were downregulated.