GSDMD and rheumatoid arthritis: Evidence has shown that in RA macrophages, the upregulation of NLRP3, caspase-1, and GSDMD suggests that activation of the NLRP3 inflammasome may occur through the activation of caspase-1, which then cleaves GSDMD, leading to cell membrane perforation and the release of cellular contents, thus leading to pyroptosis, an inflammatory form of cell death (56).