AFP and neoplasm: In comparisons targeting clinicopathological features between subtypes, we found that CS2 patients in three independent cohorts (TCGA-LIHC, ICGC-LIRI and GSE14520) were mostly in advanced tumor stage, along with higher alpha-fetoprotein (AFP), longer prothrombin time (PT), and larger tumor size compared to CS1 (P < 0.05) (Figures 2A–C).