VCAM1 and periodontitis: The uptake of advanced glycation end products during periodontitis provokes proinflammatory mediators leading to activation of VCAM-1 (vascular cell adhesion molecule 1), hyper-permeability of the endothelial cell, and the systemic release of TNF-α, IL-1, and IL-6, which are able to significantly modify endothelial function [3].