TNF and neoplasm: This biochemical interplay culminates in three cardinal immunosuppressive effects: (1) blunted cytokine secretion (IFN-γ, TNF-α, IL-2); (2) proliferative arrest of antigen-specific T cell clones; and (3) breakdown of immune homeostasis through Treg/Th17 axis dysregulation collectively establishing a tumor permissive microenvironment [33,34].