This astrocytic hyperactivation promotes pain persistence and the emergence of anxiety-like behaviors by increasing synapse-related protein expression (Cardoso-Cruz et al., 2019), re-expressed mGluR5 (Shen et al., 2025) or upregulating the signal pathway for S100B (the astrocyte marker S100 calcium binding protein B)-RAGE (The receptor for advanced glycation end-products) (Jiang et al., 2025), thereby altering excitatory neuronal plasticity and enhancing neuronal activity via tripartite synapses. This evidence concerns the gene S100B and Anxiety.